Allergic reaction refers to the reaction of tissue damage or dysfunction that occurs when the immune body is stimulated by the same antigen again.
1024, 1186, 1720, 1466, 2386, 1362...These figures are the number of pollen per thousand square millimeters in Beijing from April 5 to 10, far exceeding the critical value representing the extremely high level of pollen concentration ( 801).
Since April, the pollen concentration in Beijing has remained high. According to the monitoring and forecast of the Beijing Meteorological Observatory on April 11, the pollen concentration in Beijing will be at a relatively high level for the next 7 consecutive days, and the pollen concentration in ten districts including Dongcheng and Xicheng will continue to "explode", at 6 Very high levels. At the same time, from April 10th to 15th, the Yangliu Feixu in Beijing also ushered in the first high-incidence period this year.
The high pollen concentration and the high incidence of willow catkins have caused many people to lose out in the fight against various allergic symptoms. Why are more and more people allergic? Why is everyone allergic? What are the symptoms of pollen allergic reactions in spring? Can they be prevented and cured? This reporter interviewed relevant experts.
More and more people are allergic
Often eat high-calorie, low-fiber fast food, living environment is too clean, when allergens accumulate to a certain degree, people with allergies will gradually get sick
It seems that only a few people have been recruited for allergies, but in recent years, people generally feel that more and more people around them are suffering from allergies. Many patients have never even known what pollen allergy is, but they have suddenly developed symptoms in recent years.
"Most people have inherent allergies, but why don't they get sick?" Guan Kai, a deputy chief physician of the Allergy Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, explained that allergies mainly depend on several factors, one of which is related to lifestyle habits, such as regular consumption. High-calorie, low-fiber fast food, or the living environment is too clean. Also, there are enough allergens. When the accumulation of allergens reaches a certain level, people with different allergies will gradually become allergic. "In other words, as long as there are enough allergens, these people with allergies, even if they have not had such allergies before, will continue to develop symptoms."
Guan Kai believes that in the past two to three decades, the living standards of ordinary people have improved significantly. The modern lifestyle is too clean and hygienic. This clean life makes people more allergic. At the same time, greening in the living environment is getting better and better, and the species in contact are becoming more and more abundant. "In the process of adapting to such a living environment, our immune system has become biased, and it has also produced a super immune response to a harmless substance such as pollen. Therefore, under the increasing exposure of allergens, some people with allergies The onset of the disease occurs one after another, bringing mild or severe pain to the body."
Of course, there are also environmental factors. Sun Jinlu, deputy director and chief physician of the Allergy Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, explained that if the plant species in a local area are unbalanced, the pollen concentration of a certain type or several types of plants is high, or the combination of pollen particles and haze particles is more likely to induce And aggravate allergies.
Who is the culprit of allergies
Cypress, birch, sycamore, white wax, and Ailanthus altissima rely on wind to spread pollen, and they are important regional allergens. Willow catkins take the back of the wind-pollinated pollen.
So, which pollen is prone to cause allergies? In northern my country, pollen from trees that are most likely to cause allergies in spring mainly comes from cypress, birch, sycamore, white wax, and Ailanthus altissima.
According to Guan Kai, with the arrival of spring, many trees need to be pollinated by the wind to spread large amounts of pollen (male reproductive cells). This wind-pollinated pollen is spread through the air and is inevitably inhaled by us. Normal people do not have any perception of inhaling wind pollen, but patients with allergies will have a strong and excessive immune response. For example, pollen adheres to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and the eye conjunctiva, causing mild or severe inflammation, and then allergic symptoms.
Therefore, in the spring, many patients will continue to experience symptoms of sneezing, runny nose, coughing or asthma, allergic rashes on their faces, eyelid edema, and even plant-derived food allergies. If these symptoms occur periodically every spring, it indicates that there are regional allergens in this season, and a very important part of them is wind-pollinated pollen.
Besides, in the current season, the willow catkins that can be seen everywhere in the north are also considered to be allergens, which may not be the case. Earlier, there were also media reports that Yangliu Feixu is not an allergen itself, but just a "pot" for the more sensitized wind-borne pollen. Because when the flying catkins are flying in the sky, just as the Platanus and other tree species are blooming, the time overlap between the two causes people to misjudge.
How to cure allergies
According to different pollen dissemination time, carry out corresponding preventive treatment; during the period of rapid development of allergies, allergen-specific immunotherapy should be carried out
How to prevent or treat pollen allergy? Guan Kai suggested that patients with allergic symptoms in spring should go to hospitals with allergy departments, or allergy departments in respiratory and ENT departments, the main purpose is to identify allergens. "If it is indeed a pollen allergy, you can take corresponding preventive treatments for different pollen dissemination times. For example, wear anti-pollen glasses or masks outdoors, wash your hair and clothes in time after going home, and remove the contaminated pollen; if you go out When taking transportation, doors, and windows must be closed to prevent accidents such as loss of driving control due to symptoms such as sneezing, itchy eyes and visual effects caused by pollen inhalation."
Sun Jinlu also suggested that, given that there are so many birch and cypress trees in the north, northern patients with pollen allergies can go to the south for business trips or live in another city in the corresponding season, and their symptoms may be significantly reduced or disappeared.
If the above methods are not effective, you should use corresponding anti-allergic drugs to control your symptoms under the guidance of your doctor. Sun Jinlu said that antihistamines should be used to treat allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptomatically. For patients with severe symptoms, glucocorticoid nasal spray can be used to treat allergic rhinitis.
"If the doctor evaluates that the patient’s allergies are in a period of rapid development, asthma may occur, even with some plant-derived food allergies." For such patients, Guan Kai recommends allergen-specific immunotherapy, that is, desensitization. Treatment-gradually injects allergic substances into the patient's body from less to more, so that the body can re-identify the allergen, to achieve the radical cure effect of allergen tolerance. (Reporter Xu Chang, Correspondent Hong Chengwei)
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